It’s hard to overemphasize the importance. Consider this paper published in Nature Reviews Rheumatology in which the authors assert that the…

“…immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties” of vitamin D can be used for the “control of autoimmune diseases.”

They note that…

“…Epidemiological evidence indicates a significant association between vitamin D deficiency and an increased incidence of several autoimmune diseases,”

Which include…

“a variety…from rheumatoid arthritis to systemic lupus erythematosus, and possibly also multiple sclerosis, type 1 diabetes, inflammatory bowel diseases, and autoimmune prostatitis.”

(Extra highlight for autoimmune prostatitis because very few are aware how common this is.) Of great practical importance is their observation that…

“The net effect of the vitamin D system on the immune response is an enhancement of innate immunity coupled with multifaceted regulation of adaptive immunity.”

We are awash in studies on vitamin D, here’s one more for good measure. This paper, recently published in the journal Psychoneuroendocrinology, focuses on its use in the treatment of autoimmune disease that attacks the brain and nervous system. The authors begin by noting that…

“It has been known for more than 20 years that vitamin D exerts marked effects on immune and neural cells…it has been shown that diminished levels of vitamin D…is a risk factor for various brain diseases.”

They further state that…

“…vitamin D has been found to be a strong candidate risk-modifying factor for Multiple Sclerosis (MS)…”

And proceed to..

“…assess how vitamin D imbalance may lay the foundation for a range of adult disorders, including brain pathologies (Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, depression) and immune-mediated disorders (rheumatoid arthritis, type I diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus or inflammatory bowel diseases).”

These are some of the reasons why I always screen for vitamin D sufficiency.

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There is a connection between how well you can smell, brain damage from autoimmune inflammation, and psychiatric disease. Consider this fascinating paper published in the journal Clinical Immunology in which the authors discuss the “inter-relationship between olfactory impairment, autoimmunity and neurological/psychiatric symptoms in several diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) such as Parkinson, Alzheimer’s disease, autism, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis and neuropsychiatric lupus erythematosus. We suggest that common manifestations are not mere coincidences. Current data from animal models show that neuropsychiatric manifestations are intimately associated with smell impairment, and autoimmune dysregulation, via autoantibodies…”

In another paper published in the journal Autoimmunity Reviews the authors note that “Research in the field of immunology as well as in various brain illnesses is beginning to indicate the increasing relevance of smell in pathophysiology.” They further state “…evidence exists that there may be something unique about the olfactory system that is inextricably related to immunological function. In addition, accumulating evidence confirms the existence of olfactory dysfunction in brain disease, much of which appears at early stages including multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer’s Disease, Parkinson’s Disease, schizophrenia and depression…under certain circumstances, olfactory abnormalities may be associated with autoimmune conditions. Since the organization of the olfactory system is so sensitive, impairment may be noted at an early stage. This may become important in the prediction of certain brain illnesses.”

This paper recently published in the International Journal of Neuroscience focuses specifically on the link between olfaction, autoimmunity and Parkinson’s Disease. They first describe “the immune alterations observed in PD patients…the increase in the innate immune components including complement and cytokines within their substantia nigra and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). These alterations extended to the adaptive immune response with the elevation of T cells and autoantibodies…in the peripheral blood and CSF of PD patients.” (Just the kinds of things we test for in the functional medicine approach.) They then describe the link between PD, autoimmunity and olfaction: “Smell deficit is one of the earliest signs of PD and a unique observation suggesting olfactory declines to be a consequence of autoimmune mechanisms.”

And the authors of this study published recently in the journal Autoimmunity observe that “Psychiatric diseases are often associated with mild alterations in immune functions (e.g., schizophrenia) as well as autoimmune features. Recent evidence suggests that autoimmune diseases (AD) demonstrate a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders, such as depression and psychosis, than in the normal population. Patients with AD often have an olfactory impairment as well, based on smell studies… ” They report that olfactory gene receptors have brain functions in addition to smell, and go on to describe the genetic polymorphisms (variations) that link autoimmunity, psychiatric disorders and smell impairment.

The paper that concludes this post is tantalizingly entitled Olfaction—A Window to the Mind. Published not long ago in The Israel Medical Association Journal, it is available here in its entirety. The authors comment that “The sense of smell can provide a natural window to the brain. This window provides an opportunity to examine neural mechanisms and brain function in a non-invasive way.” They then undertake a fascinating review of the field of olfactory studies encompassing aspects ranging from autoimmunity and neuropsychiatric disease to sexual function, addiction, social behavior and the discrimination of self from non-self. Their conclusion is worth bearing in mind: “…assessment of the sense of smell and olfactory impairments is usually overlooked by patients and their clinicians. Given the clinical data reviewed here, clinicians should be encouraged to screen for olfactory impairments, which can help in the early diagnosis of CNS diseases such as Parkinson, dementia and schizophrenia, as well as CNS-autoimmune diseases such as neuropsychiatric lupus.”

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Disturbingly, there are still doctors who misinform their patients by telling them that progesterone is not necessary after menopause. Progesterone is crucial for numerous functions throughout the body (for men too). The brain is rich in progesterone receptors, and it plays an important role in immune system regulation and nervous system health. Here are a few citations from the sciencific literature. There are many more:

• Progesterone modulates neuroendocrine functions in the central nervous system
• Progesterone’s role in inflammatory, autoimmune and infectious disease
• Progesterone regulates neuronal activities
• Progesterone protects against Parkinson’s disease
• Progesterone-neurotransmitter interactions
• Progesterone modulates serotonin transporter

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